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Saiba como resgatar os juros cobrados pela operadora de crédito

Este conteúdo pode ser compartilhado na íntegra desde que, obrigatoriamente, seja citado o link: https://www.migalhas.com.br/depeso/281986/como-resgatar-valores-pagos-indevidamente-em-emprestimos-consignados

Empréstimos consignados são aqueles cujo pagamento da prestação mensal é descontado diretamente no benefício previdenciário ou na folha de pagamento do salário do contratante. É uma modalidade muito adotada por beneficiários do INSS e servidores públicos para realizar um gasto extraordinário ou quitar dívidas mais desvantajosas.
Entretanto, há muitas armadilhas e ilegalidades que prejudicam os consumidores que deles se utilizam. A operação de crédito pode, por exemplo, cobrar valores de forma indevida. Diante dessa realidade, é preciso saber como resgatar tais valores para não ser mais prejudicado.

A realidade dos empréstimos consignados

A realidade dos empréstimos consignados não é tão “florida” como dizem. Essa operação financeira pode ocasionar o superendividamento do consumidor. Por ser um tipo de adiantamento de salário, ele vem com a cobrança de juros mensais. Se o devedor solicita maior prazo para o pagamento, os juros também serão maiores, o que reduz o saldo restante do provento ao fim do mês.

Ao reduzir significativamente de renda, os juros podem impactar além do limite em seu orçamento. Com o dinheiro do mês comprometido, muitos consumidores recorrem a outros empréstimos para suprir as contas básicas.

Outro ponto importante a se considerar tem a ver com a principal característica dos empréstimos consignados: a taxa de juros mais baixa, se comparada a outros tipos de empréstimos. Contudo, normalmente a devolução do valor emprestado é feita em longo prazo, até 72 meses, ocasionando a incidência de juros por um longo período.

Além disso, sempre identifique Custo Efetivo Total (CET) do contrato. O CET é a soma de encargos e despesas incidentes nas operações financeiras (tributos, seguros, tarifas, custo de administração e taxa de juros). Em uma comparação, o banco que oferecer a taxa de juros mais baixa não necessariamente terá o menor Custo Efetivo Total.

Apesar disso, conforme dados da Previdência, em fevereiro de 2017, o saldo total de empréstimos consignados atingiu R$291,4 bilhões. Em outras palavras, ele é muito utilizado. Mais um motivo para o consumidor ficar atento às ilegalidades.

As ilegalidades

Juros acima das portarias do INSS

O INSS órgão edita, desde 2008, Portarias e Instruções Normativas estabelecendo limite para o Custo Efetivo Total (CET) das taxas de juros a serem aplicadas nos empréstimos consignados para cada mês.

As instituições financeiras, ao firmar convênio com o INSS, se comprometem a seguir as normas por ele estabelecidas para as operações de crédito, incluindo-se as taxas de juros máximas fixadas ao mês. Mas isso nem sempre ocorre.

Os juros acima das portarias do INSS são considerados juros abusivos, podendo o consumidor exigir a sua restituição.

Vício de vontade no cartão de crédito consignado

Apesar de regulamentada, a contratação do cartão de crédito consignado pode ser contaminado por um erro em relação à vontade do consumidor.

Por desconhecimento sobre o funcionamento da operação, o idoso acha que está realizando uma operação como o crédito consignado, quando na verdade contrata um cartão de crédito consignável, comprometendo sua renda e agravando sua vulnerabilidade.

Neste tipo de situação, o consumidor pega o valor em única vez, normalmente mediante transferência bancária, acreditando que pagará em parcelas, como anteriormente aconteceu nos outros empréstimos consignados que já fez.

Porém, na prática, o valor descontado do benefício mês a mês paga uma parte de juros, mantendo praticamente infindável o saldo devedor, já que sofre a incidência de juros de cartão de crédito mensalmente, sem que o consumidor sequer receba este cartão.

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